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ADHD Medications – What Are the Side Effects? Many people suffering from ADHD are prescribed medication. It can help alleviate symptoms, but can also cause adverse effects. Speak to your doctor in the event of any adverse reactions. The most frequently prescribed medication prescribed by healthcare professionals for ADHD is stimulants. These drugs increase the amount of brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters that regulate the behavior and attention. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a stimulant that is the first choice for treating ADHD in both children and adults, is the most commonly prescribed medication. It is effective by increasing the activity in brain areas that regulate attention and behavior. Methylphenidate may also be used to treat other conditions such as narcolepsy. It can help patients with Narcolepsy remain awake throughout the day and improve their ability to focus and pay attention. This medication has the potential to be abused and is considered a Schedule II drug by the US Drug Enforcement Agency. Taking this medication exactly as prescribed can reduce the potential for abuse and other side effects. Methylphenidate may cause psychotic symptoms in a few people. It can also cause worse behavioral problems and tics in certain people suffering from bipolar disorder or Tourette's syndrome. Before beginning this medication, people with these conditions must tell their doctor. Consult your physician if there are any other health problems or if you are allergic to dyes or foods. (For instance, tartrazine is a yellow dye that is found in some processed food as well as in some medications. If you're taking Adhansia XR, you should consult your doctor.). Methylphenidate is a drug that can interact with other medications, such as opioid medicines, antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, such as isocarboxazid (Marplan) and linezolid (Zyvox) and methylene blue, Phenelzine (Nardil) or rasagiline (Azilect) selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar), or tranylcypromine (Parnate). medication adhd adults is also essential to stay clear of alcohol and other stimulant substances when taking methylphenidate. These medications can have a negative impact on your heart rate or blood pressure. The immediate-release methylphenidate tablets (Ritalin) and the long-acting chewable tablet and long-acting orally disintegrating capsule (Quillichew ER and Cotempla XR-ODT) contain phenylalanine, which can be dangerous if you suffer from a genetic condition called phenylketonuria (PKU). Bupropion Bupropion is an antidepressant drug that works in the brain to improve mood and reduce symptoms of ADHD. It is also used to treat depression and seasonal depression (SAD), which occurs during the fall-winter months. It is also used to help smokers quit by decreasing nicotine cravings and withdrawal effects. Bupropion has been shown to improve ADHD symptoms in adults in numerous studies. The pooled fixed effect RR for week-6 improvement (using an increase in clinical significance of 30% or greater on the CGI) is 1.14 (95%CI 0.95-1.37). For overall response, this equates to 52% of the bupropion group and 37% in the placebo group. Bupropion could cause serious and sometimes life-threatening interactions various drugs, including sedatives antidepressants, and some blood pressure drugs. It may also increase the risk of seizures for those with an history of high blood pressure or seizures. It is contraindicated in certain medical conditions, and women who are nursing or pregnant are not advised to take it. Bupropion is available in the form of brand-name drugs Wellbutrin SR and Wellbutrin XL. It is also available in the form of Zyban, Budeprion SR. Aplenzin and Forfivo XL. It is also available as generic drug. Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic Antidepressants, or TCAs, are a class of medications that work by altering brain chemicals. They were one of the first antidepressants to be developed, and although they are no longer a first-line treatment for depression they are still beneficial for people suffering from other ailments. They work by blocking the reuptake of dopamine and serotonin, thereby increasing their availability within neurons. They can be used to treat a variety of other conditions, including pain syndromes, enuresis like fibromyalgia and phantom-limb syndrome. TCAs are a prescription drug that can be used alone or in conjunction with stimulants, and they can have a positive effect on symptoms of ADHD. They can improve core symptoms and reduce anxiety, depression and impulsiveness. In addition, they could aid in managing disorders like tics, which are repeated uncontrollable movements or sounds like clearing the throat or blinking. TCAs can trigger adverse effects, such as sedation and dry mouth, and increase the risk of developing cardiovascular problems. They can also interact negatively with other medications such as anticholinergics, and should not be used by women who are pregnant. They are also known to cause teratogenic effects in animals and they can cross the placenta. Talk to your doctor if you're concerned. There are newer antidepressants that have a lower risk of adverse negative effects. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) SSRIs are antidepressants that block serotonin reuptake in neurons and increase the amount of serotonin for signaling. They also reduce anxiety and reduce impulsive behaviors. They are often used as adhd medication because they improve symptoms in some people and can be helpful alongside other medication. Examples of SSRIs include paroxetine, sertraline, fluoxetine, and citalopram. They exhibit linear pharmacokinetics and have a very low clearance from the human body. However, they are extensively metabolized by CYP450 enzymes in the liver. This leads to varying blood levels. These drugs are also prescribed to treat various disorders, such as major depressive disorder, bulimia nervosa, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The SSRIs fluoxetine, escitalopram, and sertraline can help to reduce PTSD symptoms. However, they don't seem to be effective for other PTSD symptoms. SSRIs can cause a uncommon side effect, referred to as sexual dysfunction. It is crucial to discuss this with your doctor if you are considering taking one of these medications. A lot of people must try various types of ADHD medication before they find the one that works for them. The medications are constantly being developed and tested. It is important to disclose all the medications you take to your doctor. Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) When stimulant drugs don't work for adults suffering from ADHD, doctors often prescribe an antidepressant called a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). These medications increase the levels of two brain chemicals called norepinephrine and serotonin. They also improve mood and reduce anxiety and depression. SNRIs can cause similar negative effects to TCAs however, they are more secure. They are used to treat numerous conditions, including anxiety disorders and long-term pain, such as fibromyalgia or nerve pain. Sometimes they are used to treat depression as well. The SNRIs are duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine, (Effexor). They work by preventing the reabsorption (reuptake) of norepinephrine which is a natural process that occurs in the brain after neurotransmission. This results in a higher than normal phasic release. The increase in norepinephrine levels helps improve mood and attention. SNRIs aren't approved by the FDA for the treatment of ADHD however, some doctors prescribe them as an alternative stimulant. They are typically taken as pills. However they can also be taken in liquid form or as patches. In medication for adhd adults approved an oral SNRI known as viloxazine (Qelbree) to treat ADHD in adolescents and children. It doesn't have the potential to be abused and therefore is not classified as a controlled substance. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) SNRIs are antidepressants which affect the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. They are used for anxiety and depression, but they can also help manage ADHD symptoms. SNRI drugs such as duloxetine or venlafaxine have been proven in numerous studies to significantly decrease scores on different ADHD questionnaires. However, SNRIs can increase a person's blood pressure, and can interact with certain medications. It is important to consult with a physician prior taking these drugs. Furthermore, improperly discarded medication could cause harm to animals and people therefore it is essential to follow the correct disposal guidelines. SSRIs or SNRIs haven't been approved by the FDA to treat ADHD, but doctors may prescribe them off-label. They are safe and effective, and have less negative effects than stimulants. Speak to your doctor and discuss your child's health concerns. SNRIs aren't suitable for everyone. For instance women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not take SNRIs as they could pass into breast milk. People who suffer from liver or blood pressure problems should not take them, either, as they may increase their risks of cardiovascular issues. Selective dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (DARPIs). Many people with ADHD discover that medication can help them improve their focus and concentration. Some people might also notice a decrease in impulsive behavior. The medication is often combined with behavioral therapy and training to help people understand how to control their symptoms. It takes time to identify the right medication and dose for each person. In this period doctors will observe the physical reactions of patients to find a balance between side effects and benefits. Stimulant drugs, such as methylphenidate, boost the activity of specific brain chemicals that control memory and attention. While they are generally safe and effective for the majority of people, they can cause serious side effects like reduced appetite and trouble sleeping. These side effects usually subside within a few days, as your body adjusts to the medication. Adults and children alike can take non-stimulant medications. They take longer to start working, but they do improve concentration and impulse control. These include alpha-2-adrenergic agonists (atomoxetine and viloxazine) and Guanfacine. Antidepressants can also be effective in treating ADHD. They can boost norepinephrine levels, a neurotransmitter in the brain that helps with impulsive behaviors and depression. Bupropion is a prime example of an antidepressant that has been employed to treat ADHD. It was initially prescribed “off-label” for ADHD but the drug companies eventually came up with extended-release versions, and the FDA approved it as a treatment option for this condition.